[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1468},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:recovery-boiler":45,"glossary-related:recovery-boiler":260},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":52,"category":237,"description":238,"extension":239,"meta":240,"navigation":241,"path":242,"relatedTerms":243,"seo":248,"sources":251,"stem":258,"term":47,"__hash__":259},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler.md","Recovery boiler",[49,50,51],"kraft recovery boiler","black-liquor recovery boiler","BLRB",{"type":53,"value":54,"toc":229},"minimark",[55,74,79,88,125,136,140,170,174,182,186],[56,57,58,59,63,64,67,68,70,71,73],"p",{},"A ",[60,61,62],"strong",{},"recovery boiler"," (also ",[65,66,49],"em",{},", ",[65,69,50],{},", or ",[65,72,51],{},") is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.",[75,76,78],"h2",{"id":77},"the-iconic-sonic-horn-application","The iconic sonic-horn application",[56,80,81,82,87],{},"Recovery boilers are the iconic application for ",[83,84,86],"a",{"href":85},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horns",". Three features combine to make them so:",[89,90,91,108,119],"ul",{},[92,93,94,97,98,102,103,107],"li",{},[60,95,96],{},"Sticky, alkali-rich ash"," — sodium-sulphate carry-over deposits aggressively on ",[83,99,101],{"href":100},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","superheater"," and ",[83,104,106],{"href":105},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank","generating-bank"," tubes",[92,109,110,113,114,118],{},[60,111,112],{},"Long-run-time targets"," — mills target 12–18 months between ",[83,115,117],{"href":116},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchill-and-blow","chill-and-blow"," wash cycles, and every extra week of run time is worth tens of thousands of dollars",[92,120,121,124],{},[60,122,123],{},"Deep cavities"," — the superheater bundles are tall and bafflingly inaccessible to short-throw cleaning",[56,126,127,128,130,131,135],{},"Both conventional ",[83,129,86],{"href":85}," at 60–125 Hz and ",[83,132,134],{"href":133},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","infrasonic cleaners"," below 30 Hz are deployed on recovery boilers. Major OEM aftermarket teams (ANDRITZ, Valmet, Babcock & Wilcox Vølund) all integrate acoustic cleaning into their service portfolios.",[75,137,139],{"id":138},"other-applications-inside-the-recovery-island","Other applications inside the recovery island",[89,141,142,148,154,164],{},[92,143,144,147],{},[60,145,146],{},"ESP hoppers"," — sodium-rich fly-ash bridging",[92,149,150,153],{},[60,151,152],{},"Economiser pluggage"," — salt-cake build-up on tube bundles",[92,155,156,159,160],{},[60,157,158],{},"Lime kiln preheater"," — see ",[83,161,163],{"href":162},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flime-kiln","lime kiln",[92,165,166,169],{},[60,167,168],{},"Smelt dissolving tank"," vent stack — sodium-fume build-up",[75,171,173],{"id":172},"safety","Safety",[56,175,176,177,181],{},"Recovery-boiler operations are governed by ",[83,178,180],{"href":179},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fblrbac","BLRBAC"," Recommended Good Practices. Any cleaning intervention — including acoustic — is reviewed against BLRBAC water-side-incident and emergency-shutdown protocols.",[75,183,185],{"id":184},"related-terms","Related terms",[89,187,188,194,199,204,210,215,219,224],{},[92,189,190],{},[83,191,193],{"href":192},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",[92,195,196],{},[83,197,198],{"href":105},"Generating bank",[92,200,201],{},[83,202,203],{"href":100},"Superheater",[92,205,206],{},[83,207,209],{"href":208},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","Economiser",[92,211,212],{},[83,213,214],{"href":116},"Chill-and-blow",[92,216,217],{},[83,218,180],{"href":179},[92,220,221],{},[83,222,223],{"href":85},"Sonic horn",[92,225,226],{},[83,227,228],{"href":133},"Infrasonic cleaner",{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":232},"",2,[233,234,235,236],{"id":77,"depth":231,"text":78},{"id":138,"depth":231,"text":139},{"id":172,"depth":231,"text":173},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"boiler","A recovery boiler (also kraft recovery boiler, black-liquor recovery boiler, or BLRB) is a unique industrial boiler at the centre of every kraft pulp mill. It burns concentrated black liquor — the spent cooking-chemicals stream — to generate steam, electrical power and to recover the sodium and sulphur compounds that re-enter the pulping cycle as smelt. Recovery boilers are large, complex, expensive and irreplaceable to mill operation.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler",[237,106,101,244,117,245,246,247],"economiser","blrbac","sonic-horn","infrasonic-cleaner",{"title":249,"description":250},"Recovery boiler — kraft pulp mill steam-and-chemicals plant","A recovery boiler burns kraft black liquor to generate steam, electrical power and recovered pulping chemicals. Iconic application for sonic horns on superheater cleaning.",[252,255],{"title":253,"url":254},"Wikipedia — Recovery boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRecovery_boiler",{"title":256,"url":257},"BLRBAC — Recovery Boilers in Service","https:\u002F\u002Fblrbac.net\u002Frecovery-boilers-in-service\u002F","glossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","mXzBGZ7hSMEgl58wabmRAArKMR06mHldZvB1HJLRt0g",[261,503,593,733,851,945,1045,1271],{"id":262,"title":193,"aliases":263,"body":267,"category":237,"description":482,"extension":239,"meta":483,"navigation":241,"path":192,"relatedTerms":484,"seo":491,"sources":494,"stem":501,"term":193,"__hash__":502},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler.md",[264,265,266],"industrial boiler","utility boiler","steam generator",{"type":53,"value":268,"toc":477},[269,292,296,413,417,447,449],[56,270,58,271,273,274,67,278,102,281,284,285,102,288,291],{},[60,272,237],{}," is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, ",[83,275,277],{"href":276},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","WtE",[83,279,280],{"href":276},"biomass",[83,282,283],{"href":242},"pulp-and-paper"," operations. All of them foul; the only variables are ",[65,286,287],{},"how much",[65,289,290],{},"with what",".",[75,293,295],{"id":294},"boiler-families","Boiler families",[297,298,299,315],"table",{},[300,301,302],"thead",{},[303,304,305,309,312],"tr",{},[306,307,308],"th",{},"Type",[306,310,311],{},"Fuel",[306,313,314],{},"Notes",[316,317,318,333,347,361,373,387,398],"tbody",{},[303,319,320,327,330],{},[321,322,323],"td",{},[83,324,326],{"href":325},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","PC boiler",[321,328,329],{},"Pulverised coal",[321,331,332],{},"Dominant utility design",[303,334,335,341,344],{},[321,336,337],{},[83,338,340],{"href":339},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB boiler",[321,342,343],{},"Coal, biomass, RDF, lignite",[321,345,346],{},"Tolerates wider fuel range; lower NOx",[303,348,349,355,358],{},[321,350,351],{},[83,352,354],{"href":353},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB boiler",[321,356,357],{},"Biomass, sludge, low-grade fuels",[321,359,360],{},"Bubbling fluidised bed",[303,362,363,367,370],{},[321,364,365],{},[83,366,47],{"href":242},[321,368,369],{},"Black liquor (kraft pulp mills)",[321,371,372],{},"Combines chemicals recovery with steam",[303,374,375,381,384],{},[321,376,377],{},[83,378,380],{"href":379},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler",[321,382,383],{},"Wood waste, bark",[321,385,386],{},"Common at pulp mills as side boilers",[303,388,389,392,395],{},[321,390,391],{},"Gas \u002F oil boiler",[321,393,394],{},"Natural gas, fuel oil",[321,396,397],{},"Lower particulate, less fouling",[303,399,400,403,406],{},[321,401,402],{},"HRSG",[321,404,405],{},"Gas-turbine exhaust",[321,407,408,409],{},"See ",[83,410,412],{"href":411},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","heat-recovery steam generator",[75,414,416],{"id":415},"where-sonic-horns-sit","Where sonic horns sit",[56,418,419,422,423,67,425,67,428,102,432,436,437,441,442,446],{},[83,420,421],{"href":85},"Sonic horns"," installed across the convective pass — between ",[83,424,244],{"href":208},[83,426,427],{"href":100},"superheaters",[83,429,431],{"href":430},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheater",[83,433,435],{"href":434},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air heater"," — dislodge ash and soot continuously, supplementing or partially replacing steam ",[83,438,440],{"href":439},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","sootblowers",". The benefit shows up as ",[83,443,445],{"href":444},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate"," recovery, deferred outages and longer intervals between water washes.",[75,448,185],{"id":184},[89,450,451,455,459,463,469,473],{},[92,452,453],{},[83,454,326],{"href":325},[92,456,457],{},[83,458,340],{"href":339},[92,460,461],{},[83,462,47],{"href":242},[92,464,465],{},[83,466,468],{"href":467},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall","Waterwall",[92,470,471],{},[83,472,209],{"href":208},[92,474,475],{},[83,476,223],{"href":85},{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":478},[479,480,481],{"id":294,"depth":231,"text":295},{"id":415,"depth":231,"text":416},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"A boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, WtE, biomass and pulp-and-paper operations. All of them foul; the only variables are how much and with what.",{},[485,486,487,488,489,244,101,490,246],"pc-boiler","cfb-boiler","bfb-boiler","recovery-boiler","waterwall","air-heater",{"title":492,"description":493},"Boiler — industrial steam generator types and acoustic-cleaning needs","A boiler is a vessel that converts fuel chemical energy into steam by heating water. Coal-fired, biomass, oil, gas and recovery boilers all foul; sonic horns clean heat-transfer surfaces.",[495,498],{"title":496,"url":497},"Wikipedia — Boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler",{"title":499,"url":500},"Babcock & Wilcox — Sootblower and Boiler Cleaning Terminology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fsootblower-and-boiler-cleaning-terminology-principles-and-applications","glossary\u002Fboiler","pamAnZGo_UeIedDHhYrfv0nP3GCXkNTGi0a197n4b5Q",{"id":504,"title":198,"aliases":505,"body":508,"category":237,"description":582,"extension":239,"meta":583,"navigation":241,"path":105,"relatedTerms":584,"seo":586,"sources":589,"stem":591,"term":198,"__hash__":592},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fgenerating-bank.md",[506,507],"boiler bank","boiler generating bank",{"type":53,"value":509,"toc":577},[510,530,534,540,544,555,557],[56,511,512,513,516,517,519,520,522,523,527,528,291],{},"The ",[60,514,515],{},"generating bank"," (sometimes simply ",[65,518,506],{},") is the array of evaporator tubes between the upper steam drum and the lower mud drum of a ",[83,521,62],{"href":242}," or older two-drum industrial boiler. Flue gas passing through the bank gives up heat to the water-and-steam mixture rising through the tubes, performing bulk evaporation between the ",[83,524,526],{"href":525},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffurnace","furnace"," and the ",[83,529,244],{"href":208},[75,531,533],{"id":532},"fouling-on-the-generating-bank","Fouling on the generating bank",[56,535,536,537,539],{},"Recovery-boiler generating banks suffer characteristic alkali-rich ash bridging. The narrow tube spacing makes bridges form quickly, ΔP rises, gas flow channels through residual gaps and bypasses cleaner tubes. Plants targeting 12–18 months between ",[83,538,117],{"href":116}," campaigns spend significant effort keeping the generating bank clean.",[75,541,543],{"id":542},"cleaning","Cleaning",[56,545,546,102,548,550,551,554],{},[83,547,421],{"href":85},[83,549,134],{"href":133}," are well-established on recovery-boiler generating banks. They typically complement existing IK retract ",[83,552,440],{"href":553},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fik-long-retract-sootblower"," by providing continuous gentle dislodging between the more aggressive periodic blow.",[75,556,185],{"id":184},[89,558,559,563,567,573],{},[92,560,561],{},[83,562,47],{"href":242},[92,564,565],{},[83,566,193],{"href":192},[92,568,569],{},[83,570,572],{"href":571},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconvective-pass-backpass","Convective pass \u002F backpass",[92,574,575],{},[83,576,223],{"href":85},{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":578},[579,580,581],{"id":532,"depth":231,"text":533},{"id":542,"depth":231,"text":543},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"The generating bank (sometimes simply boiler bank) is the array of evaporator tubes between the upper steam drum and the lower mud drum of a recovery boiler or older two-drum industrial boiler. Flue gas passing through the bank gives up heat to the water-and-steam mixture rising through the tubes, performing bulk evaporation between the furnace and the economiser.",{},[488,237,585,246],"convective-pass-backpass",{"title":587,"description":588},"Generating bank — recovery-boiler evaporator tube bank between drums","The generating bank is the array of evaporator tubes between the steam and mud drums of a recovery boiler, performing bulk heat absorption from cooling flue gas.",[590],{"title":253,"url":254},"glossary\u002Fgenerating-bank","WSPnccmZCcXxc2tUiGnRul_R_VOG_U3Hr_nXuleETEA",{"id":594,"title":203,"aliases":595,"body":599,"category":237,"description":719,"extension":239,"meta":720,"navigation":241,"path":100,"relatedTerms":721,"seo":724,"sources":727,"stem":731,"term":203,"__hash__":732},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater.md",[427,596,597,598],"primary superheater","secondary superheater","finishing superheater",{"type":53,"value":600,"toc":714},[601,610,614,648,650,658,680,683,685],[56,602,58,603,605,606,609],{},[60,604,101],{}," is a tube bank in a boiler's ",[83,607,608],{"href":571},"convective pass"," that raises the steam temperature beyond its saturation point using residual heat from the flue gas. Most utility boilers have at least two superheater stages: a primary superheater (cooler gas) and a secondary or finishing superheater (closest to the furnace, hottest gas).",[75,611,613],{"id":612},"fouling","Fouling",[89,615,616,628,634],{},[92,617,618,624,625,627],{},[60,619,620],{},[83,621,623],{"href":622},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fslagging","Slagging"," on the finishing superheater — semi-molten ash from the ",[83,626,526],{"href":525}," deposits on the hottest tubes",[92,629,630,633],{},[60,631,632],{},"Bonded ash"," on the primary superheater — drier deposits that sinter under sustained temperature",[92,635,636,639,640,67,642,102,644,647],{},[60,637,638],{},"Sodium \u002F potassium-rich deposits"," on ",[83,641,280],{"href":276},[83,643,277],{"href":276},[83,645,646],{"href":242},"recovery boilers"," — sticky, low-melting, aggressive",[75,649,543],{"id":542},[56,651,652,653,102,655,657],{},"Steam ",[83,654,440],{"href":439},[83,656,86],{"href":85}," work together:",[89,659,660,663,671],{},[92,661,662],{},"Sootblowers attack hard slag on the finishing superheater",[92,664,665,666,670],{},"Sonic horns (",[83,667,669],{"href":668},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","60–125 Hz",") keep dry ash from consolidating on the primary superheater and convective superheater",[92,672,673,676,677,679],{},[83,674,675],{"href":133},"Infrasonic cleaners"," below 30 Hz are used on deep ",[83,678,488],{"href":242}," superheater cavities",[56,681,682],{},"The combination extends the interval between major water-washes and reduces steam-attemperation requirements that mask deteriorating heat transfer.",[75,684,185],{"id":184},[89,686,687,691,695,700,704,708],{},[92,688,689],{},[83,690,193],{"href":192},[92,692,693],{},[83,694,572],{"href":571},[92,696,697],{},[83,698,699],{"href":430},"Reheater",[92,701,702],{},[83,703,623],{"href":622},[92,705,706],{},[83,707,223],{"href":85},[92,709,710],{},[83,711,713],{"href":712},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":715},[716,717,718],{"id":612,"depth":231,"text":613},{"id":542,"depth":231,"text":543},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"A superheater is a tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that raises the steam temperature beyond its saturation point using residual heat from the flue gas. Most utility boilers have at least two superheater stages: a primary superheater (cooler gas) and a secondary or finishing superheater (closest to the furnace, hottest gas).",{},[237,585,431,722,246,723],"slagging","sonic-sootblower",{"title":725,"description":726},"Superheater — boiler tube bank that raises steam temperature beyond saturation","A superheater is a tube bank that raises steam temperature beyond the saturation point using flue-gas heat. Sticky alkali ash and slag deposits are the dominant fouling concerns.",[728],{"title":729,"url":730},"Wikipedia — Superheater","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSuperheater","glossary\u002Fsuperheater","hYVXyyVmlWCU3AXfAl0l3YAhHpWty_akkDsBJGC_NDs",{"id":734,"title":209,"aliases":735,"body":738,"category":237,"description":838,"extension":239,"meta":839,"navigation":241,"path":208,"relatedTerms":840,"seo":842,"sources":845,"stem":849,"term":209,"__hash__":850},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser.md",[736,737],"economizer","feedwater economiser",{"type":53,"value":739,"toc":832},[740,757,759,762,779,782,786,791,795,803,805],[56,741,742,743,745,746,748,749,751,752,754,755,291],{},"An ",[60,744,244],{}," is the tube bank in a boiler's ",[83,747,608],{"href":571}," that recovers residual heat from the flue gas by preheating boiler feedwater. It sits downstream of the ",[83,750,431],{"href":430}," and upstream of the ",[83,753,435],{"href":434},"; economiser performance directly affects boiler ",[83,756,445],{"href":444},[75,758,613],{"id":612},[56,760,761],{},"Two failure modes dominate:",[89,763,764,770],{},[92,765,766,769],{},[60,767,768],{},"Ash bridging"," between tubes — gas can no longer pass freely; ΔP across the economiser rises",[92,771,772,778],{},[60,773,774],{},[83,775,777],{"href":776},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flarge-particle-ash","Large-particle ash"," dropping out of the gas stream onto economiser hoppers — bridges and pluggage in the hopper itself",[56,780,781],{},"The first reduces gas-side heat transfer and forces gas channelling around the blocked area; the second causes hopper extraction to fail and back-pressures the gas path.",[75,783,785],{"id":784},"sonic-horn-duty","Sonic-horn duty",[56,787,788,790],{},[83,789,421],{"href":85}," mounted on the economiser shell and hopper are particularly effective because economiser deposits are dry, friable and respond well to acoustic dislodging. Plants commonly report 1–2% boiler-efficiency recovery after horn installation on heavily-fouled economisers.",[75,792,794],{"id":793},"economiser-scr-adjacency","Economiser-SCR adjacency",[56,796,797,798,802],{},"On units with an upstream ",[83,799,801],{"href":800},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-dust-low-dust-tail-end-scr","high-dust SCR",", the economiser receives the same large-particle ash that the SCR is designed against. LPA screens between SCR and economiser are common; sonic horns help keep both surfaces clean.",[75,804,185],{"id":184},[89,806,807,811,815,819,824,828],{},[92,808,809],{},[83,810,193],{"href":192},[92,812,813],{},[83,814,572],{"href":571},[92,816,817],{},[83,818,203],{"href":100},[92,820,821],{},[83,822,823],{"href":434},"Air heater",[92,825,826],{},[83,827,777],{"href":776},[92,829,830],{},[83,831,223],{"href":85},{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":833},[834,835,836,837],{"id":612,"depth":231,"text":613},{"id":784,"depth":231,"text":785},{"id":793,"depth":231,"text":794},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"An economiser is the tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that recovers residual heat from the flue gas by preheating boiler feedwater. It sits downstream of the reheater and upstream of the air heater; economiser performance directly affects boiler heat rate.",{},[237,585,101,490,841,246],"large-particle-ash",{"title":843,"description":844},"Economiser — final tube bank that preheats feedwater with flue-gas heat","An economiser is the final tube bank in a boiler's convective pass that recovers heat from the flue gas by preheating feedwater. Ash bridging in the economiser is a routine cleaning challenge.",[846],{"title":847,"url":848},"Wikipedia — Economizer","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEconomizer","glossary\u002Feconomiser","kh4Q3Eo9CNl35_b843VUXSI8fDZuiLZqLyB__NSzVH4",{"id":852,"title":214,"aliases":853,"body":857,"category":931,"description":932,"extension":239,"meta":933,"navigation":241,"path":116,"relatedTerms":934,"seo":936,"sources":939,"stem":943,"term":214,"__hash__":944},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fchill-and-blow.md",[854,855,856],"chill and blow","C&B","thermal-shock cleaning",{"type":53,"value":858,"toc":925},[859,875,879,882,886,893,897,904,906],[56,860,861,863,864,867,868,870,871,874],{},[60,862,214],{}," is the periodic thermal-shock cleaning campaign performed on ",[83,865,866],{"href":242},"kraft recovery-boiler"," ",[83,869,427],{"href":100}," when in-service cleaning is no longer sufficient. The boiler load is rapidly reduced; the superheater tubes cool quickly; the temperature differential between the cooled tubes and the consolidated deposit cracks the deposit; intense ",[83,872,873],{"href":712},"sootblowing"," then dislodges the cracked deposit.",[75,876,878],{"id":877},"why-it-matters-operationally","Why it matters operationally",[56,880,881],{},"A chill-and-blow campaign typically interrupts the boiler at full load for several hours and may require a brief mill production cutback. Mills target intervals of 12–18 months between chill-and-blow events; each additional week of run time defers a chill event and improves the mill's bottom line.",[75,883,885],{"id":884},"continuous-cleaning-to-extend-the-interval","Continuous cleaning to extend the interval",[56,887,888,102,890,892],{},[83,889,421],{"href":85},[83,891,134],{"href":133}," installed on the superheater extend the chill-and-blow interval substantially by preventing deposits from consolidating to the point where chill-and-blow is required. This is the headline operating-cost argument for acoustic-cleaning installation on recovery boilers.",[75,894,896],{"id":895},"distinguishing-from-water-wash","Distinguishing from water wash",[56,898,899,903],{},[83,900,902],{"href":901},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwater-wash-recovery-boiler","Water wash"," is the more aggressive offline cleaning during a full boiler shutdown, where high-pressure water removes baked-on deposits that even chill-and-blow could not address.",[75,905,185],{"id":184},[89,907,908,912,916,921],{},[92,909,910],{},[83,911,47],{"href":242},[92,913,914],{},[83,915,203],{"href":100},[92,917,918],{},[83,919,920],{"href":901},"Water wash (recovery boiler)",[92,922,923],{},[83,924,223],{"href":85},{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":926},[927,928,929,930],{"id":877,"depth":231,"text":878},{"id":884,"depth":231,"text":885},{"id":895,"depth":231,"text":896},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"pulp-paper","Chill-and-blow is the periodic thermal-shock cleaning campaign performed on kraft recovery-boiler superheaters when in-service cleaning is no longer sufficient. The boiler load is rapidly reduced; the superheater tubes cool quickly; the temperature differential between the cooled tubes and the consolidated deposit cracks the deposit; intense sootblowing then dislodges the cracked deposit.",{},[488,101,935,246],"water-wash-recovery-boiler",{"title":937,"description":938},"Chill-and-blow — thermal-shock cleaning campaign on recovery-boiler superheaters","Chill-and-blow is the thermal-shock cleaning campaign on a recovery-boiler superheater. The boiler is rapidly cooled to crack deposits; intense sootblowing then dislodges them.",[940],{"title":941,"url":942},"Valmet — Recovery Boiler Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.valmet.com\u002Finsights\u002Farticles\u002Fup-and-running\u002Fnew-technology\u002FFPWashX\u002F","glossary\u002Fchill-and-blow","sjLYpF11nYsIy0KEZpWRg_7vmJAPSKd4yqkrlXBqAao",{"id":946,"title":180,"aliases":947,"body":950,"category":931,"description":1029,"extension":239,"meta":1030,"navigation":241,"path":179,"relatedTerms":1031,"seo":1033,"sources":1036,"stem":1043,"term":180,"__hash__":1044},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fblrbac.md",[948,949],"Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory Committee","BLRBAC Recommended Good Practices",{"type":53,"value":951,"toc":1024},[952,960,964,972,992,996,1005,1007],[56,953,954,956,957,959],{},[60,955,180],{}," (the Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory Committee) is a non-profit industry advisory body that publishes Recommended Good Practices governing the safe operation of kraft ",[83,958,646],{"href":242},". Member mills participate voluntarily but membership and adherence are effectively universal across the North American kraft industry, with international mills adopting BLRBAC standards as best practice.",[75,961,963],{"id":962},"why-blrbac-matters","Why BLRBAC matters",[56,965,966,967,971],{},"Recovery boilers carry unique safety risks — primarily smelt-water explosions from any contact between molten ",[83,968,970],{"href":969},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsmelt","smelt"," and water. BLRBAC Recommended Good Practices cover:",[89,973,974,977,980,983,986,989],{},[92,975,976],{},"Emergency shutdown procedures (ESP)",[92,978,979],{},"Water-side incident protocols",[92,981,982],{},"Auxiliary fuel firing",[92,984,985],{},"Sootblowing system design",[92,987,988],{},"Inspection programmes",[92,990,991],{},"Combustion control",[75,993,995],{"id":994},"implications-for-cleaning-system-changes","Implications for cleaning-system changes",[56,997,998,999,1001,1002,1004],{},"Any change to a recovery-boiler cleaning system — including the addition of ",[83,1000,86],{"href":85}," or ",[83,1003,134],{"href":133}," — is reviewed against BLRBAC guidelines before implementation. Sylio's recovery-boiler installations include a BLRBAC-aligned engineering review as standard practice.",[75,1006,185],{"id":184},[89,1008,1009,1013,1018],{},[92,1010,1011],{},[83,1012,47],{"href":242},[92,1014,1015],{},[83,1016,1017],{"href":969},"Smelt",[92,1019,1020],{},[83,1021,1023],{"href":1022},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fblack-liquor","Black liquor",{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":1025},[1026,1027,1028],{"id":962,"depth":231,"text":963},{"id":994,"depth":231,"text":995},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"BLRBAC (the Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory Committee) is a non-profit industry advisory body that publishes Recommended Good Practices governing the safe operation of kraft recovery boilers. Member mills participate voluntarily but membership and adherence are effectively universal across the North American kraft industry, with international mills adopting BLRBAC standards as best practice.",{},[488,970,1032],"black-liquor",{"title":1034,"description":1035},"BLRBAC — recovery-boiler safety advisory committee","BLRBAC (Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory Committee) publishes Recommended Good Practices governing safe operation of kraft recovery boilers. Mandatory reference for any cleaning-system change.",[1037,1040],{"title":1038,"url":1039},"BLRBAC — About","https:\u002F\u002Fblrbac.net\u002Fabout\u002F",{"title":1041,"url":1042},"AF&PA — Recovery Boiler Safety Audit Guidelines","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.afandpa.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2021-05\u002Frecovery-boiler-safety-audit-guidelines.pdf","glossary\u002Fblrbac","-54-x_egrW2NlNahUvEMwaZvoZgrl8ey0RjG2Dm0dJ0",{"id":1046,"title":223,"aliases":1047,"body":1050,"category":1247,"description":1248,"extension":239,"meta":1249,"navigation":241,"path":85,"relatedTerms":1250,"seo":1256,"sources":1259,"stem":1269,"term":223,"__hash__":1270},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[86,1048,1049],"sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":53,"value":1051,"toc":1240},[1052,1082,1086,1094,1098,1160,1164,1199,1203,1210,1212],[56,1053,58,1054,1057,1058,1062,1063,67,1067,67,1071,67,1075,102,1078,291],{},[60,1055,1056],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[83,1059,1061],{"href":1060},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[83,1064,1066],{"href":1065},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[83,1068,1070],{"href":1069},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[83,1072,1074],{"href":1073},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[83,1076,1077],{"href":100},"boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[83,1079,1081],{"href":1080},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[75,1083,1085],{"id":1084},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[56,1087,1088,1089,1093],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[83,1090,1092],{"href":1091},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[75,1095,1097],{"id":1096},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[297,1099,1100,1110],{},[300,1101,1102],{},[303,1103,1104,1107],{},[306,1105,1106],{},"Parameter",[306,1108,1109],{},"Typical range",[316,1111,1112,1120,1128,1136,1144,1152],{},[303,1113,1114,1117],{},[321,1115,1116],{},"Fundamental frequency",[321,1118,1119],{},"60–400 Hz",[303,1121,1122,1125],{},[321,1123,1124],{},"Sound pressure level",[321,1126,1127],{},"140–180 dB",[303,1129,1130,1133],{},[321,1131,1132],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[321,1134,1135],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[303,1137,1138,1141],{},[321,1139,1140],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[321,1142,1143],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[303,1145,1146,1149],{},[321,1147,1148],{},"Firing cycle",[321,1150,1151],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[303,1153,1154,1157],{},[321,1155,1156],{},"Mass",[321,1158,1159],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[75,1161,1163],{"id":1162},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[56,1165,1166,1167,67,1171,1174,1175,67,1179,1183,1184,67,1187,1191,1192,102,1195,291],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[83,1168,1170],{"href":1169},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[83,1172,1173],{"href":242},"recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[83,1176,1178],{"href":1177},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[83,1180,1182],{"href":1181},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[83,1185,1186],{"href":1069},"fabric-filter compartments",[83,1188,1190],{"href":1189},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[83,1193,1194],{"href":668},"low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[83,1196,1198],{"href":1197},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[75,1200,1202],{"id":1201},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[56,1204,1205,1206,1209],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[83,1207,1208],{"href":439},"steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[75,1211,185],{"id":184},[89,1213,1214,1219,1223,1229,1235],{},[92,1215,1216],{},[83,1217,1218],{"href":1060},"Acoustic cleaner",[92,1220,1221],{},[83,1222,713],{"href":712},[92,1224,1225],{},[83,1226,1228],{"href":1227},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[92,1230,1231],{},[83,1232,1234],{"href":1233},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[92,1236,1237],{},[83,1238,1239],{"href":668},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":1241},[1242,1243,1244,1245,1246],{"id":1084,"depth":231,"text":1085},{"id":1096,"depth":231,"text":1097},{"id":1162,"depth":231,"text":1163},{"id":1201,"depth":231,"text":1202},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[1251,1252,723,1253,1254,1255],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":1257,"description":1258},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[1260,1263,1266],{"title":1261,"url":1262},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":1264,"url":1265},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":1267,"url":1268},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",{"id":1272,"title":228,"aliases":1273,"body":1277,"category":1247,"description":1452,"extension":239,"meta":1453,"navigation":241,"path":133,"relatedTerms":1454,"seo":1456,"sources":1459,"stem":1466,"term":228,"__hash__":1467},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner.md",[1274,1275,1276],"infrasound cleaner","infrasonic cleaning system","sub-audible acoustic cleaner",{"type":53,"value":1278,"toc":1446},[1279,1294,1298,1388,1392,1410,1414,1421,1423],[56,1280,742,1281,1284,1285,1287,1288,1290,1291,1293],{},[60,1282,1283],{},"infrasonic cleaner"," (also written ",[65,1286,1274],{},") is an ",[83,1289,1061],{"href":1060}," that operates below the threshold of human hearing — typically 12 to 30 Hz, against the 60–400 Hz range of a conventional ",[83,1292,1056],{"href":85},". The very long wavelength of an infrasonic wave (above 10 metres at 30 Hz) fills a large vessel almost uniformly and penetrates further into deep, baffled or obstructed cavities than higher-frequency horns can reach.",[75,1295,1297],{"id":1296},"how-it-differs-from-a-sonic-horn","How it differs from a sonic horn",[297,1299,1300,1311],{},[300,1301,1302],{},[303,1303,1304,1307,1309],{},[306,1305,1306],{},"Attribute",[306,1308,228],{},[306,1310,223],{},[316,1312,1313,1324,1335,1346,1357,1368],{},[303,1314,1315,1318,1321],{},[321,1316,1317],{},"Frequency",[321,1319,1320],{},"12–30 Hz (sub-audible)",[321,1322,1323],{},"60–400 Hz (audible)",[303,1325,1326,1329,1332],{},[321,1327,1328],{},"Wavelength",[321,1330,1331],{},"10–28 m",[321,1333,1334],{},"0.85–5.7 m",[303,1336,1337,1340,1343],{},[321,1338,1339],{},"Penetration",[321,1341,1342],{},"Excellent, fills the whole vessel",[321,1344,1345],{},"Directional, projected from the bell",[303,1347,1348,1351,1354],{},[321,1349,1350],{},"Audible noise at the work area",[321,1352,1353],{},"Very low (mostly inaudible)",[321,1355,1356],{},"Significant, often requires hearing protection",[303,1358,1359,1362,1365],{},[321,1360,1361],{},"Bell size",[321,1363,1364],{},"Large (low cut-off frequency demands physical bulk)",[321,1366,1367],{},"Compact",[303,1369,1370,1373,1385],{},[321,1371,1372],{},"Typical applications",[321,1374,1375,67,1378,1380,1381,1384],{},[83,1376,1377],{"href":242},"Recovery boilers",[83,1379,277],{"href":276}," flue paths, ",[83,1382,1383],{"href":411},"HRSGs",", marine boilers",[321,1386,1387],{},"Cross-application; default specification",[75,1389,1391],{"id":1390},"where-infrasonic-cleaners-are-preferred","Where infrasonic cleaners are preferred",[56,1393,1394,1395,1398,1399,1401,1402,1405,1406,1409],{},"Infrasonic technology was popularised by Swedish suppliers (Infrafone \u002F Heat Management) on pulp-and-paper ",[83,1396,1397],{"href":242},"kraft recovery boilers",", where the combination of deep superheater cavities and the strict need to extend the interval between ",[83,1400,117],{"href":116}," wash cycles rewards the deeper penetration of long waves. The same logic carries over to large ",[83,1403,1404],{"href":276},"WtE boilers"," with sticky chloride-laden ash, to ",[83,1407,1408],{"href":411},"HRSG harp tube banks"," and to large marine boilers where work-area noise must be kept low.",[75,1411,1413],{"id":1412},"when-to-choose-a-sonic-horn-instead","When to choose a sonic horn instead",[56,1415,1416,1417,1420],{},"For most baghouse, ESP, hopper and silo applications, a 60–250 Hz ",[83,1418,1419],{"href":668},"low-frequency sonic horn"," projects enough penetration with a smaller bell, lower capital cost, lower air consumption and simpler integration. Infrasonic cleaners earn their cost where vessel geometry, deposit depth or noise-exposure limits make the long wavelength specifically valuable.",[75,1422,185],{"id":184},[89,1424,1425,1429,1433,1437,1441],{},[92,1426,1427],{},[83,1428,1218],{"href":1060},[92,1430,1431],{},[83,1432,223],{"href":85},[92,1434,1435],{},[83,1436,1239],{"href":668},[92,1438,1439],{},[83,1440,47],{"href":242},[92,1442,1443],{},[83,1444,1445],{"href":276},"Waste-to-energy",{"title":230,"searchDepth":231,"depth":231,"links":1447},[1448,1449,1450,1451],{"id":1296,"depth":231,"text":1297},{"id":1390,"depth":231,"text":1391},{"id":1412,"depth":231,"text":1413},{"id":184,"depth":231,"text":185},"An infrasonic cleaner (also written infrasound cleaner) is an acoustic cleaner that operates below the threshold of human hearing — typically 12 to 30 Hz, against the 60–400 Hz range of a conventional sonic horn. The very long wavelength of an infrasonic wave (above 10 metres at 30 Hz) fills a large vessel almost uniformly and penetrates further into deep, baffled or obstructed cavities than higher-frequency horns can reach.",{},[1251,246,1255,488,1455],"waste-to-energy",{"title":1457,"description":1458},"Infrasonic cleaner — sub-20 Hz acoustic cleaning for deep penetration","An infrasonic cleaner operates below the audible threshold (typically 12–30 Hz). The very long wavelength penetrates further than a conventional sonic horn and is preferred on recovery boilers and WtE flue paths.",[1460,1463],{"title":1461,"url":1462},"Heat Management — Infrasound Cleaning for Boiler Efficiency","https:\u002F\u002Fheatmanage.com\u002Fknowledge\u002Funlocking-infrasound-cleaning-data-for-boiler-efficiency\u002F",{"title":1464,"url":1465},"Power Magazine — The Theory and Application of Acoustic Cleaners","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powermag.com\u002Fthe-theory-and-application-of-acoustic-cleaners\u002F","glossary\u002Finfrasonic-cleaner","Oqfo1uKF8ioWxXKH687wPi188BqvEoa3EWC_w2jXmG4",1782613726722]