[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":950},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:bagasse":45,"glossary-related:bagasse":165},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":51,"category":146,"description":147,"extension":148,"meta":149,"navigation":150,"path":151,"relatedTerms":152,"seo":156,"sources":159,"stem":163,"term":47,"__hash__":164},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbagasse.md","Bagasse",[49,50],"sugarcane bagasse","bagasse fuel",{"type":52,"value":53,"toc":139},"minimark",[54,61,66,94,98,111,115],[55,56,57,60],"p",{},[58,59,47],"strong",{}," is the fibrous residue left after juice extraction from sugarcane. Sugar mills burn bagasse in dedicated cogeneration boilers to produce steam (for the sugar process) and electricity (for sale to the grid). Bagasse is the dominant biomass fuel in sugar-producing countries — Brazil, India, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, the Caribbean and parts of Africa.",[62,63,65],"h2",{"id":64},"fouling-characteristics","Fouling characteristics",[67,68,69,76,88],"ul",{},[70,71,72,75],"li",{},[58,73,74],{},"Silica-rich ash"," (often > 50% SiO₂) — abrasive, deposits as glassy films on cool surfaces",[70,77,78,81,82,87],{},[58,79,80],{},"Variable potassium content"," — higher in cane grown on sandy soils — drives ",[83,84,86],"a",{"href":85},"\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","alkali"," slagging",[70,89,90,93],{},[58,91,92],{},"Moisture variability"," — affects combustion stability and fouling rate",[62,95,97],{"id":96},"cleaning","Cleaning",[55,99,100,101,105,106,110],{},"Bagasse boilers are well-suited to ",[83,102,104],{"href":103},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic-horn"," cleaning on the convective pass, ",[83,107,109],{"href":108},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fair-heater","air-heater"," cold end and downstream particulate-control hoppers. Brazil hosts a substantial installed base of sonic horns on sugar-mill cogeneration plants.",[62,112,114],{"id":113},"related-terms","Related terms",[67,116,117,122,128,134],{},[70,118,119],{},[83,120,121],{"href":85},"Alkali metals in ash",[70,123,124],{},[83,125,127],{"href":126},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-melt-sticky-ash","Low-melt sticky ash",[70,129,130],{},[83,131,133],{"href":132},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","Boiler",[70,135,136],{},[83,137,138],{"href":103},"Sonic horn",{"title":140,"searchDepth":141,"depth":141,"links":142},"",2,[143,144,145],{"id":64,"depth":141,"text":65},{"id":96,"depth":141,"text":97},{"id":113,"depth":141,"text":114},"wte-biomass","Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after juice extraction from sugarcane. Sugar mills burn bagasse in dedicated cogeneration boilers to produce steam (for the sugar process) and electricity (for sale to the grid). Bagasse is the dominant biomass fuel in sugar-producing countries — Brazil, India, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, the Caribbean and parts of Africa.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbagasse",[153,154,155,104],"alkali-metals-in-ash","low-melt-sticky-ash","boiler",{"title":157,"description":158},"Bagasse — sugarcane fibre residue used as biomass boiler fuel","Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after juice extraction from sugarcane. Burned in cogeneration boilers at sugar mills; silica-rich ash deposits aggressively.",[160],{"title":161,"url":162},"Wikipedia — Bagasse","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBagasse","glossary\u002Fbagasse","EtkPsN-h6-mPIaPQnAyKH_uYUvFCoUeBFXaJ26ejBGY",[166,365,484,719],{"id":167,"title":121,"aliases":168,"body":172,"category":146,"description":349,"extension":148,"meta":350,"navigation":150,"path":85,"relatedTerms":351,"seo":356,"sources":359,"stem":363,"term":121,"__hash__":364},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash.md",[169,170,171],"sodium in ash","potassium in ash","alkali loading",{"type":52,"value":173,"toc":343},[174,185,189,268,272,307,309,315,317],[55,175,176,179,180,184],{},[58,177,178],{},"Alkali metals"," — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, ",[83,181,183],{"href":182},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaste-to-energy","waste-to-energy"," and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",[62,186,188],{"id":187},"where-alkali-concentration-is-high","Where alkali concentration is high",[190,191,192,205],"table",{},[193,194,195],"thead",{},[196,197,198,202],"tr",{},[199,200,201],"th",{},"Fuel",[199,203,204],{},"Approximate alkali-in-ash range",[206,207,208,217,229,241,250,260],"tbody",{},[196,209,210,214],{},[211,212,213],"td",{},"Wood (clean stems)",[211,215,216],{},"Low (1–5%)",[196,218,219,226],{},[211,220,221,222],{},"Bark, ",[83,223,225],{"href":224},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel","hog fuel",[211,227,228],{},"Medium (5–15%)",[196,230,231,238],{},[211,232,233,234],{},"Straw and ",[83,235,237],{"href":236},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstraw-agricultural-residue-firing","agricultural residues",[211,239,240],{},"High (10–25%)",[196,242,243,247],{},[211,244,245],{},[83,246,47],{"href":151},[211,248,249],{},"Medium-high",[196,251,252,257],{},[211,253,254],{},[83,255,256],{"href":182},"MSW \u002F RDF \u002F SRF",[211,258,259],{},"High (variable)",[196,261,262,265],{},[211,263,264],{},"Coal",[211,266,267],{},"Low",[62,269,271],{"id":270},"operational-consequences","Operational consequences",[67,273,274,279,287,294],{},[70,275,276,278],{},[83,277,127],{"href":126}," bonding to superheater and economiser tubes",[70,280,281,282,286],{},"Accelerated ",[83,283,285],{"href":284},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftube-erosion-tube-wastage","tube wastage"," from corrosive deposits",[70,288,289,293],{},[83,290,292],{"href":291},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcatalyst-poisoning","SCR catalyst poisoning"," by alkali species",[70,295,296,297,301,302,306],{},"Bed-material agglomeration in ",[83,298,300],{"href":299},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbfb-boiler","BFB"," and ",[83,303,305],{"href":304},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcfb-boiler","CFB"," boilers",[62,308,97],{"id":96},[55,310,311,312,314],{},"Active ",[83,313,104],{"href":103}," cleaning prevents fresh alkali-rich deposits from consolidating into bonded slag, which is the only practical mitigation short of fuel substitution.",[62,316,114],{"id":113},[67,318,319,323,329,334,338],{},[70,320,321],{},[83,322,127],{"href":126},[70,324,325],{},[83,326,328],{"href":327},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fchloride-induced-corrosion","Chloride-induced corrosion",[70,330,331],{},[83,332,333],{"href":291},"Catalyst poisoning",[70,335,336],{},[83,337,47],{"href":151},[70,339,340],{},[83,341,342],{"href":236},"Straw \u002F agricultural-residue firing",{"title":140,"searchDepth":141,"depth":141,"links":344},[345,346,347,348],{"id":187,"depth":141,"text":188},{"id":270,"depth":141,"text":271},{"id":96,"depth":141,"text":97},{"id":113,"depth":141,"text":114},"Alkali metals — primarily sodium (Na) and potassium (K) — are the dominant drivers of low-melting fouling in biomass, waste-to-energy and certain coal boilers. Alkali compounds (KCl, NaCl, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄) melt or soften at temperatures (650–900 °C) lower than typical convective-pass tube-metal temperatures, so they arrive at the tube surface partly molten and bond tenaciously.",{},[154,352,353,354,355],"chloride-induced-corrosion","catalyst-poisoning","bagasse","straw-agricultural-residue-firing",{"title":357,"description":358},"Alkali metals in ash — sodium and potassium drive low-melt biomass fouling","Alkali metals (Na, K) in biomass and waste-fuel ash form low-melting compounds that bond to boiler tubes as sticky deposits and poison SCR catalysts.",[360],{"title":361,"url":362},"Wikipedia — Slagging and fouling in boilers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler#Slagging","glossary\u002Falkali-metals-in-ash","geS4Q08TCk13dlbSDSxT-BXr_OYi5LW7UIKYIEm_0_0",{"id":366,"title":127,"aliases":367,"body":371,"category":146,"description":473,"extension":148,"meta":474,"navigation":150,"path":126,"relatedTerms":475,"seo":477,"sources":480,"stem":482,"term":127,"__hash__":483},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-melt-sticky-ash.md",[368,369,370],"sticky ash","low-melting ash","alkali-rich sticky ash",{"type":52,"value":372,"toc":467},[373,388,392,400,404,415,419,440,442],[55,374,375,377,378,301,381,383,384,387],{},[58,376,127],{}," is the universal headache of ",[83,379,380],{"href":182},"biomass",[83,382,183],{"href":182}," boiler operation. It forms when ash particles rich in ",[83,385,386],{"href":85},"alkali metals"," (K, Na) and chlorides soften at typical convective-pass gas temperatures (700–900 °C) and bond to cooler tube surfaces on contact.",[62,389,391],{"id":390},"why-it-defeats-steam-sootblowers","Why it defeats steam sootblowers",[55,393,394,395,399],{},"A steam jet from an ",[83,396,398],{"href":397},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fik-long-retract-sootblower","IK retract sootblower"," is highly effective on dry, friable ash but largely ineffective on a deposit that has bonded as a continuous sticky film. The steam removes only the loose surface layer; the bonded under-layer remains and continues to grow.",[62,401,403],{"id":402},"why-sonic-horns-help","Why sonic horns help",[55,405,406,409,410,414],{},[83,407,408],{"href":103},"Sonic horns"," work ",[411,412,413],"em",{},"before"," the deposit consolidates. Continuous low-amplitude vibration during the early sticky phase prevents the deposit from forming a bonded interface with the tube. The ash remains friable enough to be released by sootblowers or by the next horn pulse, rather than building up into a self-reinforcing sticky mass.",[62,416,418],{"id":417},"where-it-dominates","Where it dominates",[67,420,421,428,434,437],{},[70,422,423,424],{},"Recovery boilers — see ",[83,425,427],{"href":426},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcarry-over","carry-over",[70,429,430,433],{},[83,431,432],{"href":236},"Straw"," and high-alkali biomass",[70,435,436],{},"WtE boilers, especially with high-RDF feed",[70,438,439],{},"Petcoke firing in some configurations",[62,441,114],{"id":113},[67,443,444,448,452,457,463],{},[70,445,446],{},[83,447,121],{"href":85},[70,449,450],{},[83,451,328],{"href":327},[70,453,454],{},[83,455,456],{"href":182},"Waste-to-energy",[70,458,459],{},[83,460,462],{"href":461},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","Superheater",[70,464,465],{},[83,466,138],{"href":103},{"title":140,"searchDepth":141,"depth":141,"links":468},[469,470,471,472],{"id":390,"depth":141,"text":391},{"id":402,"depth":141,"text":403},{"id":417,"depth":141,"text":418},{"id":113,"depth":141,"text":114},"Low-melt sticky ash is the universal headache of biomass and waste-to-energy boiler operation. It forms when ash particles rich in alkali metals (K, Na) and chlorides soften at typical convective-pass gas temperatures (700–900 °C) and bond to cooler tube surfaces on contact.",{},[153,352,183,476,104],"superheater",{"title":478,"description":479},"Low-melt sticky ash — the universal headache of biomass and WtE cleaning","Low-melt sticky ash forms when alkali-rich ash particles soften at typical convective-pass temperatures and bond to tube surfaces. Defeats steam sootblowers; primary target for sonic horns.",[481],{"title":361,"url":362},"glossary\u002Flow-melt-sticky-ash","T-fxgBz2Ckq6-Jqq1LywnOSrLjgAelnaRUCmw8i4qQA",{"id":485,"title":133,"aliases":486,"body":490,"category":155,"description":699,"extension":148,"meta":700,"navigation":150,"path":132,"relatedTerms":701,"seo":707,"sources":710,"stem":717,"term":133,"__hash__":718},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler.md",[487,488,489],"industrial boiler","utility boiler","steam generator",{"type":52,"value":491,"toc":694},[492,516,520,629,633,663,665],[55,493,494,495,497,498,501,502,301,504,508,509,301,512,515],{},"A ",[58,496,155],{}," is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, ",[83,499,500],{"href":182},"WtE",", ",[83,503,380],{"href":182},[83,505,507],{"href":506},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","pulp-and-paper"," operations. All of them foul; the only variables are ",[411,510,511],{},"how much",[411,513,514],{},"with what",".",[62,517,519],{"id":518},"boiler-families","Boiler families",[190,521,522,534],{},[193,523,524],{},[196,525,526,529,531],{},[199,527,528],{},"Type",[199,530,201],{},[199,532,533],{},"Notes",[206,535,536,550,563,576,589,603,614],{},[196,537,538,544,547],{},[211,539,540],{},[83,541,543],{"href":542},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpc-boiler","PC boiler",[211,545,546],{},"Pulverised coal",[211,548,549],{},"Dominant utility design",[196,551,552,557,560],{},[211,553,554],{},[83,555,556],{"href":304},"CFB boiler",[211,558,559],{},"Coal, biomass, RDF, lignite",[211,561,562],{},"Tolerates wider fuel range; lower NOx",[196,564,565,570,573],{},[211,566,567],{},[83,568,569],{"href":299},"BFB boiler",[211,571,572],{},"Biomass, sludge, low-grade fuels",[211,574,575],{},"Bubbling fluidised bed",[196,577,578,583,586],{},[211,579,580],{},[83,581,582],{"href":506},"Recovery boiler",[211,584,585],{},"Black liquor (kraft pulp mills)",[211,587,588],{},"Combines chemicals recovery with steam",[196,590,591,597,600],{},[211,592,593],{},[83,594,596],{"href":595},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhog-fuel-boiler-bark-boiler","Hog-fuel boiler",[211,598,599],{},"Wood waste, bark",[211,601,602],{},"Common at pulp mills as side boilers",[196,604,605,608,611],{},[211,606,607],{},"Gas \u002F oil boiler",[211,609,610],{},"Natural gas, fuel oil",[211,612,613],{},"Lower particulate, less fouling",[196,615,616,619,622],{},[211,617,618],{},"HRSG",[211,620,621],{},"Gas-turbine exhaust",[211,623,624,625],{},"See ",[83,626,628],{"href":627},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","heat-recovery steam generator",[62,630,632],{"id":631},"where-sonic-horns-sit","Where sonic horns sit",[55,634,635,637,638,501,642,501,645,301,649,652,653,657,658,662],{},[83,636,408],{"href":103}," installed across the convective pass — between ",[83,639,641],{"href":640},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feconomiser","economiser",[83,643,644],{"href":461},"superheaters",[83,646,648],{"href":647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freheater","reheater",[83,650,651],{"href":108},"air heater"," — dislodge ash and soot continuously, supplementing or partially replacing steam ",[83,654,656],{"href":655},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","sootblowers",". The benefit shows up as ",[83,659,661],{"href":660},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-rate","heat rate"," recovery, deferred outages and longer intervals between water washes.",[62,664,114],{"id":113},[67,666,667,671,675,679,685,690],{},[70,668,669],{},[83,670,543],{"href":542},[70,672,673],{},[83,674,556],{"href":304},[70,676,677],{},[83,678,582],{"href":506},[70,680,681],{},[83,682,684],{"href":683},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwaterwall","Waterwall",[70,686,687],{},[83,688,689],{"href":640},"Economiser",[70,691,692],{},[83,693,138],{"href":103},{"title":140,"searchDepth":141,"depth":141,"links":695},[696,697,698],{"id":518,"depth":141,"text":519},{"id":631,"depth":141,"text":632},{"id":113,"depth":141,"text":114},"A boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel chemical energy is converted to steam by transferring heat into water flowing through tube banks. Industrial and utility boilers serve electricity generation, district heating, process steam, WtE, biomass and pulp-and-paper operations. All of them foul; the only variables are how much and with what.",{},[702,703,704,705,706,641,476,109,104],"pc-boiler","cfb-boiler","bfb-boiler","recovery-boiler","waterwall",{"title":708,"description":709},"Boiler — industrial steam generator types and acoustic-cleaning needs","A boiler is a vessel that converts fuel chemical energy into steam by heating water. Coal-fired, biomass, oil, gas and recovery boilers all foul; sonic horns clean heat-transfer surfaces.",[711,714],{"title":712,"url":713},"Wikipedia — Boiler","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoiler",{"title":715,"url":716},"Babcock & Wilcox — Sootblower and Boiler Cleaning Terminology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.babcock.com\u002Fhome\u002Fabout\u002Fresources\u002Flearning-center\u002Fsootblower-and-boiler-cleaning-terminology-principles-and-applications","glossary\u002Fboiler","pamAnZGo_UeIedDHhYrfv0nP3GCXkNTGi0a197n4b5Q",{"id":720,"title":138,"aliases":721,"body":725,"category":925,"description":926,"extension":148,"meta":927,"navigation":150,"path":103,"relatedTerms":928,"seo":935,"sources":938,"stem":948,"term":138,"__hash__":949},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[722,723,724],"sonic horns","sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":52,"value":726,"toc":918},[727,757,761,769,773,835,839,875,879,886,888],[55,728,494,729,732,733,737,738,501,742,501,746,501,750,301,753,515],{},[58,730,731],{},"sonic horn"," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[83,734,736],{"href":735},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the default specification for cleaning ",[83,739,741],{"href":740},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",[83,743,745],{"href":744},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[83,747,749],{"href":748},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[83,751,752],{"href":461},"boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[83,754,756],{"href":755},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",[62,758,760],{"id":759},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[55,762,763,764,768],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[83,765,767],{"href":766},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[62,770,772],{"id":771},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[190,774,775,785],{},[193,776,777],{},[196,778,779,782],{},[199,780,781],{},"Parameter",[199,783,784],{},"Typical range",[206,786,787,795,803,811,819,827],{},[196,788,789,792],{},[211,790,791],{},"Fundamental frequency",[211,793,794],{},"60–400 Hz",[196,796,797,800],{},[211,798,799],{},"Sound pressure level",[211,801,802],{},"140–180 dB",[196,804,805,808],{},[211,806,807],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[211,809,810],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[196,812,813,816],{},[211,814,815],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[211,817,818],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[196,820,821,824],{},[211,822,823],{},"Firing cycle",[211,825,826],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[196,828,829,832],{},[211,830,831],{},"Mass",[211,833,834],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[62,836,838],{"id":837},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[55,840,841,842,501,846,849,850,501,854,858,859,501,862,866,867,301,871,515],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[83,843,845],{"href":844},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[83,847,848],{"href":506},"recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[83,851,853],{"href":852},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[83,855,857],{"href":856},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[83,860,861],{"href":744},"fabric-filter compartments",[83,863,865],{"href":864},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[83,868,870],{"href":869},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[83,872,874],{"href":873},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[62,876,878],{"id":877},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[55,880,881,882,885],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[83,883,884],{"href":655},"steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[62,887,114],{"id":113},[67,889,890,895,901,907,913],{},[70,891,892],{},[83,893,894],{"href":735},"Acoustic cleaner",[70,896,897],{},[83,898,900],{"href":899},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[70,902,903],{},[83,904,906],{"href":905},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[70,908,909],{},[83,910,912],{"href":911},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[70,914,915],{},[83,916,917],{"href":869},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":140,"searchDepth":141,"depth":141,"links":919},[920,921,922,923,924],{"id":759,"depth":141,"text":760},{"id":771,"depth":141,"text":772},{"id":837,"depth":141,"text":838},{"id":877,"depth":141,"text":878},{"id":113,"depth":141,"text":114},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[929,930,931,932,933,934],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":936,"description":937},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[939,942,945],{"title":940,"url":941},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":943,"url":944},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":946,"url":947},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",1782613758362]