[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":728},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-footer-common":3,"glossary:acoustic-streaming":45,"glossary-related:acoustic-streaming":128},{"id":4,"extension":5,"footer":6,"meta":40,"navbar":41,"stem":43,"__hash__":44},"common\u002Fcommon.yml","yml",{"tagline":7,"links":8,"sections":9},"Acoustic cleaning intelligence for industrial fouling, soot, ash, dust and build-up.",[],[10,19,31],{"title":11,"links":12},"Product",[13,16],{"label":14,"to":15},"How it works","\u002F#product",{"label":17,"to":18},"Cost assessment","\u002F#hero",{"title":20,"links":21},"Company",[22,25,28],{"label":23,"to":24},"What we build","\u002F#about",{"label":26,"to":27},"Careers","\u002F#careers",{"label":29,"to":30},"Contact","\u002F#contact",{"title":32,"links":33},"Resources",[34,37],{"label":35,"to":36},"Blog","\u002Fresources\u002Fblog",{"label":38,"to":39},"Glossary","\u002Fglossary",{},{"links":42},[],"common","YocmZRy1AYfBbpgGVms-zhdiABlF8VTxHx6h4rDmZBA",{"id":46,"title":47,"aliases":48,"body":50,"category":109,"description":110,"extension":111,"meta":112,"navigation":113,"path":114,"relatedTerms":115,"seo":119,"sources":122,"stem":126,"term":47,"__hash__":127},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-streaming.md","Acoustic streaming",[49],"acoustic-driven streaming",{"type":51,"value":52,"toc":103},"minimark",[53,71,76,79,83],[54,55,56,59,60,65,66,70],"p",{},[57,58,47],"strong",{}," is the steady (time-averaged) flow that an intense oscillating sound field induces in the surrounding gas or fluid. At the high ",[61,62,64],"a",{"href":63},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level","SPL"," of an industrial ",[61,67,69],{"href":68},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn","sonic horn",", acoustic streaming creates secondary gas circulation around obstacles that helps lift and disperse particulate already detached from a surface.",[72,73,75],"h2",{"id":74},"cleaning-contribution","Cleaning contribution",[54,77,78],{},"The primary cleaning mechanism is direct acoustic vibration of the deposit. Acoustic streaming is a secondary effect: once particles are loose, the streaming flow moves them clear of the surface and into the main gas stream so they are carried out of the vessel rather than re-settling. Streaming is not the main reason a horn cleans — but it is part of why a well-placed horn keeps cleaned surfaces clean between firings.",[72,80,82],{"id":81},"related-terms","Related terms",[84,85,86,92,97],"ul",{},[87,88,89],"li",{},[61,90,91],{"href":63},"Sound pressure level",[87,93,94],{},[61,95,96],{"href":68},"Sonic horn",[87,98,99],{},[61,100,102],{"href":101},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffouling","Fouling",{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":106},"",2,[107,108],{"id":74,"depth":105,"text":75},{"id":81,"depth":105,"text":82},"acoustics-physics","Acoustic streaming is the steady (time-averaged) flow that an intense oscillating sound field induces in the surrounding gas or fluid. At the high SPL of an industrial sonic horn, acoustic streaming creates secondary gas circulation around obstacles that helps lift and disperse particulate already detached from a surface.","md",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-streaming",[116,117,118],"sound-pressure-level","sonic-horn","fouling",{"title":120,"description":121},"Acoustic streaming — steady gas flow induced by sound","Acoustic streaming is the steady (DC) flow induced in a gas or fluid by an intense oscillating sound field. It contributes to particulate dispersion in industrial acoustic cleaning.",[123],{"title":124,"url":125},"Wikipedia — Acoustic streaming","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAcoustic_streaming","glossary\u002Facoustic-streaming","tlChS_XYRjRP7aqXaRu11jtD7aj3e8slhSCkq6mNf28",[129,322,555],{"id":130,"title":131,"aliases":132,"body":134,"category":109,"description":304,"extension":111,"meta":305,"navigation":113,"path":63,"relatedTerms":306,"seo":310,"sources":313,"stem":320,"term":91,"__hash__":321},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level.md","Sound pressure level (SPL)",[64,133],"sound pressure level dB",{"type":51,"value":135,"toc":298},[136,154,158,234,238,251,255,273,275],[54,137,138,140,141,145,146,148,149,153],{},[57,139,131],{}," is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure relative to the 20 µPa human-hearing reference, expressed in ",[61,142,144],{"href":143},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdecibel","decibels",". It is the primary specification figure for any ",[61,147,69],{"href":68}," or ",[61,150,152],{"href":151},"\u002Fglossary\u002Facoustic-cleaner","acoustic cleaner"," and the metric used to size noise-exposure controls at the work area.",[72,155,157],{"id":156},"industrial-reference-values","Industrial reference values",[159,160,161,174],"table",{},[162,163,164],"thead",{},[165,166,167,171],"tr",{},[168,169,170],"th",{},"SPL (dB)",[168,172,173],{},"Reference",[175,176,177,186,194,202,210,218,226],"tbody",{},[165,178,179,183],{},[180,181,182],"td",{},"0",[180,184,185],{},"Threshold of human hearing",[165,187,188,191],{},[180,189,190],{},"60",[180,192,193],{},"Normal conversation",[165,195,196,199],{},[180,197,198],{},"120",[180,200,201],{},"Threshold of pain",[165,203,204,207],{},[180,205,206],{},"140",[180,208,209],{},"Industrial sonic horn (lower-output models)",[165,211,212,215],{},[180,213,214],{},"160",[180,216,217],{},"Typical cement \u002F ESP sonic horn",[165,219,220,223],{},[180,221,222],{},"180",[180,224,225],{},"Upper limit of pneumatic industrial sonic horns",[165,227,228,231],{},[180,229,230],{},"194",[180,232,233],{},"Theoretical maximum for an undistorted sine wave in air",[72,235,237],{"id":236},"spl-and-cleaning-effectiveness","SPL and cleaning effectiveness",[54,239,240,241,245,246,250],{},"Cleaning energy scales with intensity, which doubles for every 3 dB rise. A 150 dB horn delivers roughly twice the energy of a 147 dB horn at the same distance. SPL is not, however, the only selection criterion: ",[61,242,244],{"href":243},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffrequency","frequency"," determines ",[61,247,249],{"href":248},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwavelength","wavelength"," and therefore penetration. A 150 dB low-frequency horn typically out-cleans a 160 dB high-frequency horn in a large open vessel.",[72,252,254],{"id":253},"spl-and-exposure","SPL and exposure",[54,256,257,258,262,263,267,268,272],{},"Reported nameplate SPL is measured at 1 m on the bell axis. Real exposure at the work area falls with distance per the ",[61,259,261],{"href":260},"\u002Fglossary\u002Finverse-square-law","inverse-square law"," and through enclosure attenuation. Compliance with ",[61,264,266],{"href":265},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fosha-29-cfr-1910-95","OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95"," and ",[61,269,271],{"href":270},"\u002Fglossary\u002Feu-directive-2003-10-ec","EU Directive 2003\u002F10\u002FEC"," is calculated from exposure, not from nameplate SPL.",[72,274,82],{"id":81},[84,276,277,282,287,293],{},[87,278,279],{},[61,280,281],{"href":143},"Decibel",[87,283,284],{},[61,285,286],{"href":243},"Frequency",[87,288,289],{},[61,290,292],{"href":291},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsound-power-vs-sound-pressure","Sound power vs sound pressure",[87,294,295],{},[61,296,297],{"href":260},"Inverse-square law",{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":299},[300,301,302,303],{"id":156,"depth":105,"text":157},{"id":236,"depth":105,"text":237},{"id":253,"depth":105,"text":254},{"id":81,"depth":105,"text":82},"Sound pressure level (SPL) is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure relative to the 20 µPa human-hearing reference, expressed in decibels. It is the primary specification figure for any sonic horn or acoustic cleaner and the metric used to size noise-exposure controls at the work area.",{},[307,244,308,309,117],"decibel","sound-power-vs-sound-pressure","inverse-square-law",{"title":311,"description":312},"Sound pressure level (SPL) — definition, industrial-cleaning ranges","SPL is the logarithmic measure of sound pressure in decibels relative to a 20 µPa reference. Industrial sonic horns operate at 140–180 dB SPL.",[314,317],{"title":315,"url":316},"Wikipedia — Sound pressure","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSound_pressure",{"title":318,"url":319},"Acoustical Society of America — Sound Pressure Level","https:\u002F\u002Fasastandards.org\u002F","glossary\u002Fsound-pressure-level","ayEoQNuJweSv9WGpwDPcx5CMESsbiPd4QPUpIoyQA6M",{"id":323,"title":96,"aliases":324,"body":328,"category":530,"description":531,"extension":111,"meta":532,"navigation":113,"path":68,"relatedTerms":533,"seo":540,"sources":543,"stem":553,"term":96,"__hash__":554},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-horn.md",[325,326,327],"sonic horns","sonic cleaning horn","industrial sonic horn",{"type":51,"value":329,"toc":523},[330,361,365,373,377,438,442,479,483,491,493],[54,331,332,333,335,336,338,339,343,344,343,348,343,352,267,356,360],{},"A ",[57,334,69],{}," is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of ",[61,337,152],{"href":151}," and the default specification for cleaning ",[61,340,342],{"href":341},"\u002Fglossary\u002Felectrostatic-precipitator","ESPs",", ",[61,345,347],{"href":346},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ffabric-filter","baghouses",[61,349,351],{"href":350},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fselective-catalytic-reduction","SCR catalysts",[61,353,355],{"href":354},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperheater","boiler heat-transfer surfaces",[61,357,359],{"href":358},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhopper","hoppers and silos",".",[72,362,364],{"id":363},"how-a-sonic-horn-works","How a sonic horn works",[54,366,367,368,372],{},"Compressed plant air admitted through a ",[61,369,371],{"href":370},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsolenoid-valve","solenoid valve"," drives a metal diaphragm — typically titanium or 316 stainless — into resonant oscillation at the horn's fundamental frequency. The oscillating pressure field is amplified by an exponential bell horn and projected into the vessel as a near-spherical sound wave. Particulate already deposited on internal surfaces receives an oscillating acceleration that overcomes adhesion; loosened material is then carried out with the gas flow before it can sinter, bridge or bond. Because the cleaning is acoustic and non-contact, the horn can fire while the plant is online without tube erosion, refractory damage or thermal shock.",[72,374,376],{"id":375},"key-parameters","Key parameters",[159,378,379,389],{},[162,380,381],{},[165,382,383,386],{},[168,384,385],{},"Parameter",[168,387,388],{},"Typical range",[175,390,391,399,406,414,422,430],{},[165,392,393,396],{},[180,394,395],{},"Fundamental frequency",[180,397,398],{},"60–400 Hz",[165,400,401,403],{},[180,402,91],{},[180,404,405],{},"140–180 dB",[165,407,408,411],{},[180,409,410],{},"Compressed-air consumption",[180,412,413],{},"8–14 Nm³\u002Fmin at 4–7 bar",[165,415,416,419],{},[180,417,418],{},"Operating temperature (with appropriate materials)",[180,420,421],{},"−40 °C to +500 °C",[165,423,424,427],{},[180,425,426],{},"Firing cycle",[180,428,429],{},"5–15 s burst, repeated every 3–15 minutes",[165,431,432,435],{},[180,433,434],{},"Mass",[180,436,437],{},"15–60 kg depending on horn size",[72,439,441],{"id":440},"frequency-selection","Frequency selection",[54,443,444,445,343,449,453,454,343,458,462,463,343,466,470,471,267,475,360],{},"Lower frequencies (60–125 Hz) project longer wavelengths and penetrate further into large open vessels — ",[61,446,448],{"href":447},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-cyclone","preheater cyclones",[61,450,452],{"href":451},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frecovery-boiler","recovery-boiler superheaters",", large ",[61,455,457],{"href":456},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fesp-field-bus-section","ESP fields",[61,459,461],{"href":460},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsilo","silos",". Higher frequencies (230–400 Hz) carry more energy per unit volume and suit finer dust loads in ",[61,464,465],{"href":346},"fabric-filter compartments",[61,467,469],{"href":468},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhoneycomb-catalyst","catalyst layers"," and smaller hopper geometries. See ",[61,472,474],{"href":473},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flow-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","low-frequency acoustic cleaner",[61,476,478],{"href":477},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-frequency-acoustic-cleaner","high-frequency acoustic cleaner",[72,480,482],{"id":481},"sonic-horn-vs-steam-sootblower","Sonic horn vs steam sootblower",[54,484,485,486,490],{},"Sonic horns are increasingly specified alongside or in place of ",[61,487,489],{"href":488},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsteam-sootblower","steam sootblowers"," because they consume no boiler-grade steam, cause no tube erosion, require almost no moving parts and can fire every few minutes without operator intervention. They are less effective on hard, fused slag than retractable steam lances, so on furnace waterwalls and high-temperature superheaters they typically complement rather than replace mechanical cleaning.",[72,492,82],{"id":81},[84,494,495,500,506,512,518],{},[87,496,497],{},[61,498,499],{"href":151},"Acoustic cleaner",[87,501,502],{},[61,503,505],{"href":504},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsonic-sootblower","Sonic sootblower",[87,507,508],{},[61,509,511],{"href":510},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbell-horn","Bell horn",[87,513,514],{},[61,515,517],{"href":516},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiaphragm-horn","Diaphragm horn",[87,519,520],{},[61,521,522],{"href":473},"Low-frequency acoustic cleaner",{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":524},[525,526,527,528,529],{"id":363,"depth":105,"text":364},{"id":375,"depth":105,"text":376},{"id":440,"depth":105,"text":441},{"id":481,"depth":105,"text":482},{"id":81,"depth":105,"text":82},"core-technology","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven sound emitter that produces high-intensity, low-frequency sound waves — typically between 60 and 400 Hz at sound pressure levels of 140 to 180 dB — used to dislodge particulate fouling from inside industrial process equipment. Sonic horns are the most common form of acoustic cleaner and the default specification for cleaning ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, boiler heat-transfer surfaces and hoppers and silos.",{},[534,535,536,537,538,539],"acoustic-cleaner","acoustic-cleaning-system","sonic-sootblower","bell-horn","diaphragm-horn","low-frequency-acoustic-cleaner",{"title":541,"description":542},"Sonic horn — definition, frequency, SPL and industrial applications","A sonic horn is a pneumatically-driven low-frequency sound emitter (typically 60–400 Hz at 140–180 dB SPL) used to dislodge particulate fouling from boilers, ESPs, baghouses and process vessels.",[544,547,550],{"title":545,"url":546},"Power Engineering — Sonic Horns: A User's Introduction","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Fsonic-horns-a-userrsquos-introduction\u002F",{"title":548,"url":549},"Power Engineering — Tuning in to Acoustic Cleaning","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.power-eng.com\u002Fcoal\u002Ftuning-in-to-acoustic-cleaning\u002F",{"title":551,"url":552},"Wikipedia — Sonic soot blowers","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSonic_soot_blowers","glossary\u002Fsonic-horn","YzrhN0kKzqSaQo0wfn0rueNZ-V43mcg5zahqeWi3lnU",{"id":556,"title":102,"aliases":557,"body":560,"category":118,"description":713,"extension":111,"meta":714,"navigation":113,"path":101,"relatedTerms":715,"seo":718,"sources":721,"stem":725,"term":726,"__hash__":727},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ffouling.md",[558,559],"process fouling","heat-transfer fouling",{"type":51,"value":561,"toc":708},[562,616,620,658,662,673,675],[54,563,564,566,567,343,571,343,573,343,576,343,578,343,580,343,584,343,588,591,592,343,596,343,600,343,604,343,608,343,612,615],{},[57,565,102],{}," is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on the surfaces of process equipment. It is the universal phenomenon that connects every application Sylio addresses: ",[61,568,570],{"href":569},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fboiler","boilers",[61,572,342],{"href":341},[61,574,347],{"href":575},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbaghouse",[61,577,351],{"href":350},[61,579,359],{"href":358},[61,581,583],{"href":582},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-recovery-steam-generator","HRSGs",[61,585,587],{"href":586},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpreheater-tower","cement preheaters",[61,589,590],{"href":451},"recovery boilers",". Different industries use different specific names for the resulting deposits — ",[61,593,595],{"href":594},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fslagging","slagging",[61,597,599],{"href":598},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fscaling","scaling",[61,601,603],{"href":602},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcoking","coking",[61,605,607],{"href":606},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbridging","bridging",[61,609,611],{"href":610},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbuild-up-coating-accretion","coating",[61,613,614],{"href":610},"build-up"," — but fouling is the umbrella that connects them.",[72,617,619],{"id":618},"consequences-of-fouling","Consequences of fouling",[84,621,622,628,634,640,646,652],{},[87,623,624,627],{},[57,625,626],{},"Heat-transfer loss"," — reducing thermal efficiency and raising fuel cost",[87,629,630,633],{},[57,631,632],{},"Pressure-drop rise"," — derating fans and raising power consumption",[87,635,636,639],{},[57,637,638],{},"Flow blockage"," — interrupting material flow in storage and process vessels",[87,641,642,645],{},[57,643,644],{},"Tube corrosion"," — beneath the deposit, accelerated by local chemistry",[87,647,648,651],{},[57,649,650],{},"Forced outages"," — when fouling becomes severe enough to force a shutdown",[87,653,654,657],{},[57,655,656],{},"Emission excursions"," — when air-pollution-control equipment loses effectiveness",[72,659,661],{"id":660},"mitigation-philosophy","Mitigation philosophy",[54,663,664,665,669,670,672],{},"The Sylio philosophy is ",[666,667,668],"em",{},"prevention over remediation",". Continuous low-amplitude ",[61,671,117],{"href":68}," cleaning keeps deposits from consolidating into the bonded layers that demand intensive periodic cleaning. The economic case is clear: every avoided forced outage typically justifies the entire acoustic-cleaning installation.",[72,674,82],{"id":81},[84,676,677,682,687,692,698,704],{},[87,678,679],{},[61,680,681],{"href":594},"Slagging",[87,683,684],{},[61,685,686],{"href":598},"Scaling",[87,688,689],{},[61,690,691],{"href":602},"Coking",[87,693,694],{},[61,695,697],{"href":696},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsintering-deposit","Sintering (deposit)",[87,699,700],{},[61,701,703],{"href":702},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fheat-transfer-surface-fouling","Heat-transfer surface fouling",[87,705,706],{},[61,707,96],{"href":68},{"title":104,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":709},[710,711,712],{"id":618,"depth":105,"text":619},{"id":660,"depth":105,"text":661},{"id":81,"depth":105,"text":82},"Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on the surfaces of process equipment. It is the universal phenomenon that connects every application Sylio addresses: boilers, ESPs, baghouses, SCR catalysts, hoppers and silos, HRSGs, cement preheaters, recovery boilers. Different industries use different specific names for the resulting deposits — slagging, scaling, coking, bridging, coating, build-up — but fouling is the umbrella that connects them.",{},[595,599,603,716,717,117],"sintering-deposit","heat-transfer-surface-fouling",{"title":719,"description":720},"Fouling — accumulation of unwanted deposits on process equipment surfaces","Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted deposits on process-equipment surfaces. The general umbrella term covering slagging, scaling, coking, sintering and many other specific mechanisms.",[722],{"title":723,"url":724},"Wikipedia — Fouling","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFouling","glossary\u002Ffouling","Fouling (general)","vsFkT5ifjz3ggye30lYBeL42wZVcgPLYcyF9bwo9YnA",1782613716034]